Which of the following is NOT a zoonotic disease?

• A. Parvovirus
• B. Tetanus
• C. Tuberculosis
• D. Rabies

Answer: (A)

Zoonotic disease means the pathogen can move between animals and humans. The animal parvoviruses that cause disease in dogs and cats are species-specific and do not infect humans. Humans are affected by a different parvovirus (parvovirus B19), which is not the same as the canine or feline strains. Because the animal-specific parvoviruses don’t jump to people, this option is the one that is not a zoonotic disease.

By contrast, rabies is a well-known zoonosis transmitted from animals to humans through bites, and tuberculosis has zoonotic potential through certain mycobacteria that can move from animals (like cattle) to people. Tetanus is caused by a toxin-producing bacterium acquired from environmental exposure rather than transmission from animals, so it isn’t a zoonosis in the usual sense. The key idea is cross-species transmission, and the animal parvoviruses do not cross into humans, making this the correct choice in this context.